蓋霞普;翟麗梅;王洪媛;劉宏斌;任天志;雷秋良;武淑霞;

• 1:中國農業科學院農業資源與農業區劃研究所/農業部面源污染控制重點實驗室
• 2:農業部環境保護科研監測所

摘要(Abstract)：

大量研究表明,生物炭對不同類型土壤中微生物量及群落結構特征影響不同,為探討這種影響差異是來自生物炭類型還是土壤本身特征,選擇紅壤和黑土兩類典型土壤同時開展了生物炭對不同類型土壤微生物量及其群落結構的影響作用研究,為生物炭在不同類型農田土壤中的應用提供一定借鑒和參考。采用玉米秸稈生物炭(炭化溫度500℃)作為供試材料,分別按照炭土質量比0、1%、2%和4%施用于紅壤和黑土中,通過41d的好氣培養試驗,研究生物炭對土壤pH、有機碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、銨態氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝態氮(NO_3~--N)、微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)的影響,以及磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)表征的微生物群落結構的影響。結果表明:從時間尺度變化規律來看,兩類土壤中SOC和TN含量隨著培養時間的延長而逐漸降低,土壤NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、MBC以及MBN呈現波動性變化規律,這與土壤中可利用態碳氮養分消耗有關。從生物炭添加效果來看,生物炭對兩類土壤生化性質和微生物群落結構的影響差異顯著:生物炭能夠顯著提高紅壤pH,達1.9%~17.0%,而對黑土pH影響不明顯;生物炭能顯著提高紅壤和黑土中SOC含量,對紅壤SOC的提升潛力更大,達18.6%~85.7%,而對NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量影響不顯著。生物炭會降低紅壤中MBC、MBN和PLFA含量及其微生物群落結構多樣性,降低幅度分別為17.4%~50.2%、19.8%~23.9%、24.9%~43.1%,對細菌/真菌沒有顯著影響;然而,生物炭的添加能夠提高黑土MBC、MBN和PLFA含量及其微生物群落結構多樣性,PLFA總量是對照的1.2~1.6倍,并增加微生物群落結構中細菌的比例。施用生物炭能夠改善紅壤和黑土的養分狀況,且對有機質含量較低的酸性紅壤的提升潛力更強;生物炭對土壤微生物量及群落結構的短期影響受特定土壤生化性質影響很大,其長期作用影響還需進一步研究。

關鍵詞(KeyWords)： 生物炭;土壤養分;微生物量;磷脂脂肪酸;紅壤;黑土

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金項目(Foundation): 公益性行業(農業)科研專項經費項目(201303095);; 中央級公益性科研院所基金項目(1610132016055)

作者(Author): 蓋霞普;翟麗梅;王洪媛;劉宏斌;任天志;雷秋良;武淑霞;

Email:

DOI:

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